Following the late January guilty verdicts in the espionage trial of former CIA officer Jeffrey Sterling, more proof emerged \u2013 if any more were needed \u2013 that many elite mainstream journalists abhor whistleblowers and think they should go to prison when they divulge classified information.<\/p>\n
One would think that a business that has relied on confidential informants for some of the major investigative stories of this and the previous century would applaud whistleblowers who risk everything on behalf of the people\u2019s right to know what its government is doing in the shadows. But looking back at cases over the last five years, we see the unedifying spectacle of some of the nation\u2019s best-known print and broadcast journalists venting their outrage at whistleblowers\u2019 disclosures and expressing their preference for being kept in the dark by the government in the name of national security.<\/p>\n
Most recently, Walter Pincus of The Washington Post, and an opinion writer for The Economist both weighed in critically against Sterling after his conviction. Pincus also strongly defended the integrity of the Operation Merlin program \u2013 details of which Sterling was accused of leaking to New York Times reporter James Risen \u2013 and contended that Risen gave an erroneous portrayal of portions of the program in his 2006 book \u201cState of War.\u201d (More about these later.)<\/p>\n
Sterling, who has never admitted leaking any classified information, nevertheless with his conviction joined the ranks of those whistleblowers and conduits for whistleblowers who have come under fire from prominent journalists for disclosing classified information to the press \u2013 e.g., Wikileaks, Julian Assange, Chelsea (formerly Bradley) Manning, Edward Snowden, John Kiriakou, and others.<\/p>\n
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New York Times columnists Thomas Friedman and David Brooks, Washington Post columnists David Ignatius and Richard Cohen, CNN anchor Wolf Blitzer, NBC\u2019s former Meet the Press host David Gregory, and the New Yorker\u2019s Jeffrey Toobin. These are among the journalistic heavyweights who have in one instance or another come to the defense of the government\u2019s secrecy policies and who have pilloried those making the leaks. And, in the process, they frequently sounded more like government press officers than independent, skeptical watchdogs of the public interest.<\/p>\n
Of course, some of these outraged members of press royalty have themselves benefited from \u201capproved\u201d government leaks designed to make the leaking parties look good \u2013 the kind of leaks that don\u2019t get prosecuted.<\/p>\n
For example, Ignatius, a veteran writer known for his CIA sources and insider information, derided whistleblowers<\/a> in the aftermath of Snowden\u2019s June 2013 National Security Agency mass surveillance revelations as \u201cmalcontents and self-appointed do-gooders who may get security clearances.\u201d He darkly hinted that Snowden \u201clooks these days more like an intelligence defector, seeking haven in a country hostile to the United States, than a whistleblower.\u201d<\/p>\n The ever imaginative Thomas Friedman, in criticizing the NSA leaks, offered up a modern-day version of the Vietnam War\u2019s \u201cwe had to bomb the village in order to save it\u201d as the reason to condemn Snowden\u2019s revelations. Read it here<\/a>.<\/p>\n In Friedman\u2019s telling, Americans must not overly concern themselves about our government spying on citizens and must accept a curtailment of privacy and civil liberties today in order to protect the nation and ward off a repeat of 9-11 \u2013 which, if it occurred, would lead to an even more serious crackdown on civil liberties. As he wrote: \u201c…(W)e don\u2019t live in a world any longer where our government can protect its citizens from real, not imagined, threats without using big data…under constant judicial review. It\u2019s not ideal. But if one more 9\/11-scale attack gets through, the cost to civil liberties will be so much greater.\u201d Yes, a little authoritarianism today will forestall really big authoritarianism down the line.<\/p>\n We have even witnessed some journalists suggesting that Glenn Greenwald be charged with crimes for being the primary reporter of Snowden\u2019s NSA disclosures \u2013 most notably, NBC\u2019s David Gregory. (Gregory has snottily referred to Greenwald as someone who \u201cclaims that he\u2019s a journalist\u201d \u2013 as if true journalists are only those, like Gregory, who always bow to government authority.) In June 2013, two weeks after the Snowden revelations, Gregory asked Greenwald on Meet the Press: \u201cTo the extent that you have aided and abetted Snowden, even in his current movements, why shouldn\u2019t you, Mr. Greenwald, be charged with a crime?\u201d See video and read here how Greenwald demolished Gregory.<\/p>\n Over the years, Greenwald, first with Salon and The Guardian and now with The Intercept, has been the most vigilant documenter of the hostility of many in the mainstream press to whistleblowers and their support for secrecy in all matters connected to whatever the government claims involves a national security issue. See, for example, his 2010 column<\/a> on the reaction of many journalists, politicians and others to the Wikileaks disclosures.<\/p>\n There is also the example of Bill Keller, then executive editor of The New York Times, who famously trashed Julian Assange in the Sunday Times Magazine<\/a> in early 2011. Although Wikileaks provided a horde of secret documents that the Times used for major news stories, Keller, nevertheless, decided to do a gossipy hit-job on Assange \u2013 certainly one of the most peculiar acts of journalistic ingratitude and dumping of one\u2019s source in the modern age.<\/p>\n In Sterling\u2019s case, a January 29 article on the \u201cDemocracy in America\u201d blog of The Economist<\/a> came up with a particularly disturbing headline: \u201cWhy locking up leakers makes sense.\u201d It was signed with the initials D.R., per The Economist\u2019s tradition of not disclosing full names in bylines.<\/p>\n The anonymous blogger takes a sort of \u201cI\u2019m-all-right-Jack-f-you\u201d attitude toward whistleblowers in their dealings with reporters. Noting that James Risen was excused by the Justice Department from testifying in the Sterling case after making it clear that he would not name his sources for a botched CIA nuclear-component-designs-for-Iran operation that he described in his 2006 book \u201cState of War,\u201d the Economist article stated:<\/p>\n \u201cThe conflict between society\u2019s desire for a vigorous free press that holds government to account and its need for the state to keep secrets from foreign enemies can never be resolved. But Mr. Risen\u2019s reprieve and Mr. Sterling\u2019s conviction could shift the balance in the right direction.\u201d<\/p>\n Let that sink in: A writer for a magazine adjudged in journalistic circles to be a serious, prestigious publication, says it strikes a nice balance to have a whistleblower go to jail. The writer skims over the fact that this reprieve for Risen was the result of a policy only recently adopted by outgoing Attorney General Eric Holder and that today\u2019s policy can change from one administration to the next \u2013 or even from one attorney general to another in the same administration. There was no binding precedent set in Risen being let off the hook; there is no guarantee that the next brave reporter who refuses to name a source in a national security case won\u2019t end up in jail. And no guarantee that reporter won\u2019t be indicted as a co-conspirator if an attorney general decides to cross that line.<\/p>\n In this regard, the Obama administration has already indicated that reporters who benefit from classified leaks can be considered partners in an illegal activity, as was divulged in 2013<\/a> in the investigation of a 2009 national security leak to Fox News reporter James Rosen. Rosen was described as a co-conspirator in a government investigator\u2019s affidavit seeking a search warrant to obtain Rosen\u2019s personal e-mails in a leaks case involving North Korea\u2019s nuclear weapons testing. Stephen Kim, a State Department official with particular expertise in North Korea’s nuclear program, was subsequently indicted and pleaded guilty in April 2014 to one count under the Espionage Act of divulging classified information to Rosen. Kim’s case marked an especially egregious misuse of the Espionage Act, as reported by Peter Maass in The Intercept here<\/a>.<\/p>\n Also in the Sterling trial aftermath, Walter Pincus, the Washington Post\u2019s veteran national security reporter, weighed in<\/a> with the journalistic equivalent of an amicus brief in support of the bizarre CIA scheme \u2013 Operation Merlin. The CIA\u2019s plan, as Risen\u2019s \u201cState of War\u201d discloses, was to give flawed nuclear weapons component designs to the Iranians in the hope the supposedly clueless recipients would waste years going down this wrong path. Pincus asserts, as did CIA witnesses at trial, that Operation Merlin \u2013 far from being botched and possibly even helpful to the Iranians in their nuclear research, as Risen portrayed it \u2013 was really a marvelous success until its cover was blown with the publication of \u201cState of War.\u201d His argument that Risen got it wrong dovetails nicely with the CIA\u2019s effort to rehabilitate what Risen described as \u201cwhat may have been one of the most reckless operations in the modern history of the CIA.\u201d<\/p>\n A May 2013 Politico article<\/a> stressed Pincus\u2019s closeness to the CIA and that agency\u2019s point of view, quoting Post columnist Dana Milbank as saying: \u201cWalter conveys the sense of what the intelligence community is thinking on any given subject.\u201d Yes, he does.<\/p>\n Even before the Sterling case came to trial, Pincus had displayed animosity toward whistleblowers and some reporters\u2019 dealings with them. He had even said it\u2019s fine for the FBI to get secret warrants to rummage through reporters\u2019 telephone records in investigating leaks, as was the case with six Associated Press reporters and editors. See here<\/a> and here<\/a>.<\/p>\n And in the month after Snowden\u2019s June 2013 NSA disclosures, Pincus penned a speculative, innuendo-filled column<\/a>, the gist of which was what he saw as the sinister possibility that Julian Assange, Wikileaks, Glenn Greenwald and filmmaker Laura Poitras had all colluded with Snowden to leak secret documents for them to publish. Greenwald challenged<\/a> Pincus\u2019s piece over much of a two-day period before the Post finally appended multiple corrections to the article that shot down the key \u201cconspiracy\u201d points Pincus had laid out.<\/p>\n Even at this late date, with a record number of at least eight individuals charged by the Obama administration under the 1917 Espionage Act (compared to three such prosecutions for all of Obama\u2019s predecessors combined), many prominent journalists can\u2019t see, or won\u2019t admit, or don\u2019t believe, that an attack on whistleblowers is also an attack on the press and on the First Amendment.<\/p>\n They appear either not to care or to have scant awareness of the chilling effect on the symbiotic relationship between investigative reporters and their sources every time whistleblowers are charged or convicted for crimes that could land them in prison for decades, if not a lifetime.<\/p>\n They also appear to accept at face value the stories spun by the CIA, the NSA, the Pentagon or other members of the vast U.S. national security state apparatus. It matters not to them the number of times those agencies have been shown to be liars, whether it be over non-existent weapons of mass destruction in Iraq or the extent of the vast surveillance operations directed at American citizens and people worldwide.<\/p>\n Why do these stars of the news media so readily brush off concerns about our dangerous warfare\/surveillance state revealed by Snowden, Manning and the others? Why do they cheer on the government\u2019s crackdown on unauthorized leaks and tell us surveillance and the diminishment of our civil liberties is really for our own good in a scary world \u2013 rather than side with the Bill of Rights and the handful of other journalists and whistleblowers who expose secrets that people in a free society should have the right to know? Why do they sound as if they are angling for a position on the National Security Council or membership in the Council on Foreign Relations, rather than aspiring to be another I.F. Stone (who lived by the tenet, \u201call governments lie\u201d) or Edward R. Murrow or Seymour Hersh?<\/p>\n James Risen, of course, \u201cgets\u201d why whistleblowers are vital to investigative reporting and a free press, as he explained to an unsympathetic David Gregory on Meet the Press shortly after Snowden\u2019s disclosures in June 2013. (See cringeworthy video excerpts here<\/a> of Gregory and correspondent Andrea Mitchell lecturing to one of the premiere investigative reporters of this generation why whistleblowers like Snowden are so dangerous.)<\/p>\n Risen fielded his colleagues\u2019 pro-secrecy, anti-whistleblower comments deftly, pointing out to them the obvious: \u201cThe only reason we’ve been having these public debates\u201d over surveillance and civil liberties \u201cand that we’re now sitting here talking about this is because of a series of whistleblowers. That the government has never wanted any of this reported, never wanted any of it disclosed. If it was up to the government over the last ten years, this surveillance infrastructure would have grown enormously with no public debate whatsoever. And so every time we talk about how someone is a traitor for disclosing something, we have to remember the only reason we’re talking about it is because of it.\u201d<\/p>\n Given the co-dependency of confidential sources and journalists, it would be worthwhile to remind mainstream reporters and editors that when it comes to investigative reporting you, too, are a species of whistleblower. And when a whistleblower goes to jail, a part of our press freedom goes to jail, too.<\/p>\n John Hanrahan is a former executive director of The Fund for Investigative Journalism and reporter for <\/i>The Washington Post, <\/i>The Washington Star, UPI, and other news organizations. He also has extensive experience as a legal investigator. Hanrahan is the author of <\/i>Government by Contract<\/a> and co-author of <\/i>Lost Frontier: The Marketing of Alaska<\/a>. He has written extensively for NiemanWatchdog.org<\/a>, a project of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University.<\/i><\/p>\n