{"id":44868,"date":"2023-11-29T09:32:07","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T17:32:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/?p=44868"},"modified":"2023-11-29T09:32:49","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T17:32:49","slug":"when-shady-groves-mocked-radiation-effects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/2023\/11\/29\/when-shady-groves-mocked-radiation-effects\/","title":{"rendered":"When Shady Groves Mocked Radiation&nbsp;Effects"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><i>Reprinted with permission from Greg Mitchell\u2019s newsletter <a href=\"https:\/\/oppenheimer2023.substack.com\/\">Oppenheimer: From Hiroshima to Hollywood<\/a>.<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure>\n<div class=\"image2-inset\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp 1456w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"sizing-normal\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp\" sizes=\"100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp 1456w\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" data-attrs=\"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/images\/1919e80d-35df-47e7-8355-6489600689ea_720x540.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:540,&quot;width&quot;:720,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:29002,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image\/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null}\" \/><\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>I have <a href=\"https:\/\/oppenheimer2023.substack.com\/p\/general-groves-and-the-radiation\" rel=\"\">noted previously here<\/a> that Manhattan Project director Gen. Leslie R. Groves \u2013 depicted by Matt Damon in \u201c<em>Oppenheimer\u201d<\/em> as a tough cookie but smart, and basically a good guy \u2013 not only was the prime mover behind the use of the atomic bomb against Japan but in private conversation mocked early evidence of survivors afflicted with deadly radiation disease. Even as more of that evidence emerged in the weeks after the bombings, Groves gave little ground, influencing (due to his stature) the rather casual way the U.S, military and nuclear industrial sites would handle protection for soldiers and workers.<\/p>\n<p>Seventy-eight years ago this week, Groves testified before a special U.S. Senate committee on Atomic Energy. The National Security Archive, which holds the <a href=\"https:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/document\/30508-document-27-atomic-energy-hearings-special-committee-atomic-energy-united-states\" rel=\"\">transcript of the hearings<\/a>, calls Groves\u2019 testimony \u201cbizarre and misleading.\u201d Their summary on one portion:<\/p>\n<p><em>On radioactivity and the bombings generally, Groves said that he saw no choice between inflicting radioactivity on a \u201cfew Japanese\u201d and saving \u201c10 times as many American lives.\u201d He claimed that no one suffered radiation injury \u201cexcepting at the time that the bomb actually went off, and that is an instantaneous damage.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Groves continued to go out on a limb by declaring that it \u201creally would take an accident for \u2026 the average person, within the range of the bomb to be killed by radioactive effects.\u201d Going further out on a limb, Groves stated that the victims of radiation whose exposure was not enough to kill them instantly would die \u201cwithout undue suffering. In fact, they say it is a very pleasant way to die.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>While the <em>Washington Post<\/em> and the <em>New York Times<\/em> published accounts of the hearings, neither discussed Groves\u2019 testimony on radiation effects. More from his testimony:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Groves called the number of Japanese who suffered ill-effects, or death, from radiation exposure \u201crelatively small.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>He emphasized that there was nothing new nor troubling about radiation effects in adding to questions of the morality in the use of such weapons.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cRadioactive effects are like X-rays. They depend upon the intensity and the time. Anyone who is working with such materials, who accidentally becomes overexposed, just takes a vacation away from the material and in due course of time he is perfectly all right again.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Three months earlier, at the end of August \u2013 imagine if this scene had been included by Christopher Nolan in his movie? \u2013 Groves had chatted on the phone with Lt. Col. Charles Rea, a doctor at Oak Ridge hospital (part of the bomb project).\u00a0 According to the official transcript, released years later, Rea called the reports from Japan of death-by-radiation \u201cpropaganda,\u201d \u201chookum,\u201d and &#8220;kind of crazy&#8221; and Groves joked, &#8220;Of course, it&#8217;s crazy \u2013 a doctor like me can tell that!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>But Groves knew it wasn&#8217;t crazy and he grew agitated as he read passages from the Japanese reports.\u00a0 He even asked, seriously, if there was &#8220;any difference between Japanese blood and others.&#8221;\u00a0 Both men ultimately seized on the idea that everything was attributable to burns \u2013 or &#8220;good thermal burns,&#8221; as Rea put it.\u00a0 \u201cThey are getting the delayed action of the burn,\u201d he advised. Groves replied, &#8220;Of course we are getting a good dose of propaganda&#8221; \u2013 and blamed some of our scientists and our media for giving the reports any credence.<\/p>\n<p>Groves even bragged, &#8220;We are not bothered a bit, excepting for \u2013 what they are trying to do is create sympathy.&#8221; Adding: \u201cThis is the kind of thing that hurts us.\u201d (See <a href=\"https:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/document\/30500-document-19-memorandum-telephone-conversation-between-general-groves-and-lt-col-rea\" rel=\"\">PDF of transcript<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>But Rea hinted that he knew Groves was merely denying reality, admitting finally, &#8220;Of course, those Jap scientists over there aren&#8217;t so dumb either.&#8221;\u00a0 Still, in a second conversation that day with Groves, Rea advised: &#8220;I think you had better get the anti-propagandists out.&#8221;\u00a0 One of the great quotes of that time.\u00a0 He also advised, \u201cYou will have to get some big-wig to put a counter-statement in the paper.\u201d (That big-wig would end up being\u2026. Oppenheimer, again not mentioned in the Nolan movie.)<\/p>\n<p>Five days later, on a visit to Oak Ridge, Groves publicly labelled the reports from Japan propaganda and added, &#8220;The atomic bomb is not an inhuman weapon.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Groves&#8217; top aide, Kenneth D. Nichols (featured as a key Oppenheimer antagonist in the Nolan movie), would admit in his 1987 memoirs that &#8220;we knew that there would be many deaths and injuries caused by the radiation.\u2026&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure>\n<div class=\"image2-inset\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg 1456w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"sizing-normal\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg\" sizes=\"100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg 1456w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1886\" data-attrs=\"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/images\/8918d859-c689-491e-9d78-d9424e9de3e9_1544x2000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1886,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1245618,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null}\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"preamble\">\n<p><strong>Thanks for reading Oppenheimer and the Legacy of His Bomb ! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subscribe-widget\" data-component-name=\"SubscribeWidget\">\n<div class=\"pencraft frontend-pencraft-Box-module__reset--VfQY8 frontend-pencraft-Box-module__display-flex--ZqeZt frontend-pencraft-Box-module__flex-justify-center--SQPji\">\n<div class=\"frontend-components-free_email_form-module__container--OfBh4\">\n<form class=\"form frontend-components-free_email_form-module__form--LDIzl\" action=\"https:\/\/oppenheimer2023.substack.com\/api\/v1\/free?nojs=true\" method=\"post\" novalidate=\"\">\n<div class=\"frontend-components-free_email_form-module__sideBySideWrap--yhsgv\">\n<div class=\"frontend-components-free_email_form-module__emailInputWrapper--BXNrb\"><input class=\"pencraft frontend-components-free_email_form-module__emailInput--BLQGf\" name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"Type your email...\" \/><\/div>\n<p><button class=\"button rightButton primary subscribe-btn frontend-components-free_email_form-module__button--WcLG9\" tabindex=\"0\" type=\"submit\"><span class=\"button-text \">Subscribe<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><i>Greg Mitchell is the author of a dozen books, including \u201cHiroshima in America,\u201d and the recent award-winning\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Beginning-End-Hollywood-Learned-Worrying\/dp\/1620975734\">The Beginning or the End: How Hollywood \u2013 and America \u2013 Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb<\/a><i>, and has directed three documentary films since 2021, including two for PBS (plus award-winning \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/gregmitchphoto.com\/atomic-cover-up\/\">Atomic Cover-up<\/a>\u201d). He has written widely about the atomic bomb and atomic bombings, and their aftermath, for over forty years. He writes often at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oppenheimer2023.substack.com\/\">Oppenheimer: From Hiroshima to Hollywood<\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reprinted with permission from Greg Mitchell\u2019s newsletter Oppenheimer: From Hiroshima to Hollywood. I have noted previously here that Manhattan Project director Gen. Leslie R. Groves \u2013 depicted by Matt Damon in \u201cOppenheimer\u201d as a tough cookie but smart, and basically a good guy \u2013 not only was the prime mover behind the use of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":466,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-44868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"meta_box":{"disable_donate_message":"","custom_donate_message":"","subtitle":"Nearly four months after Hiroshima, General Leslie Groves continued to mock radiation effects on bomb survivors, dooming American soldiers and workers to deadly exposure in the future."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/466"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44868"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44877,"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44868\/revisions\/44877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44868"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=44868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}